Legislation

Italy, Law No. 132/2025 on Artificial Intelligence

Full reference

Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132 Disposizioni e deleghe al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale

Legislator/regulator

Italian Government

Institutional level

National level

Number

132/2025

Date

23 September, 2025

Type of Source

National legislation

Source national detail

Primary legislation

Stage of drafting

Approved

Territorial scope

National

Life cycle of the instrument

- 20 May 2024: submission to the Parliament
- 13 June 2024: under examination
- 23 September 2025: approval

Project area

AI and justice

AI and public administration

AI and health

AI and data protection

Cross sector, general scope

Law area

Privacy / data protection

Fundamental rights protection

Full text of the law

Full text of the law_ITA

Summary of the law

On 20 May 2024, the Italian government submitted to Parliament the Bill laying down provisions and delegating powers to the government in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), aiming at coordinating with, and ensuring the enforcement of, the EU AI Act Regulation’s provisions, without overlapping with it, by setting out ‘rules for the correct, transparent and responsible use, in an anthropocentric dimension, of artificial intelligence, aimed at seizing its opportunities’ (Article 1).

The law was approved on the 23rd September 2025 and entered into force on the 10th of October.

The purpose of the Law is to protect fundamental rights, democracy, the rule of law and environmental sustainability according to the possible risks and level of impact of AI, at the same time promoting innovation for the welfare of all citizens. To do so, the Law is composed of 28 Articles divided into 6 parts: 1) rules underlying basic principles; 2) sector-specific rules; 3) governance, national authorities and promotional actions; 4) rules for copyright protection; 5) criminal sanctions; 6) financial provisions.

The first part (Articles 1-6) provides for some basic principles linked to the purposes and scope of application of the whole draft. Such principles interact differently according to the specific fields of application and of the phase of AI’s lifecycle considered. These are transparency, proportionality, safety, data protection, confidentiality, accuracy, non-discrimination, gender equality, sustainability, reliability, security, quality, appropriateness and transparency of the data used, as well as respect for human autonomy and decision-making power, prevention of harm, knowability and explainability. These principles shall be applied to research, experimentation, development, adoption and application of artificial intelligence systems and models.

Specific provision(s) regarding AI and Justice

Article 15: The use of AI systems is only instrumental to the simplification of judicial work, while decisions regarding the interpretation and application of law are the sole responsibility of magistrates. The Ministry of Justice will regulate the use of AI systems by judicial offices.

Specific provision(s) regarding AI and Public Administration

Article 14: Public administrations use artificial intelligence in order to increase the efficiency of their actions, reduce the time taken to define procedures and increase the quality and quantity of services provided to citizens and businesses, ensuring that those concerned are aware of how it works and can trace its use. The use of artificial intelligence takes place in an ancillary and supporting function to the decision-making activity, while respecting the autonomy and decision-making power of the individual who remains solely responsible for measures and procedures in which artificial intelligence has been used. Public administrations shall adopt technical, organisational and training measures aimed at ensuring the responsible use of artificial intelligence and developing the transversal skills of users. Public administrations shall fulfil the requirements of this Article with the financial, human and instrumental resources available under current legislation.

Specific provision(s) regarding AI and health

Article 7: The use of artificial intelligence systems contributes to the improvement of the healthcare system and to the prevention and treatment of diseases, while respecting the rights, freedoms and interests of the individual, including with regard to the protection of personal data. The introduction of artificial intelligence systems in the healthcare system cannot condition access to healthcare services according to discriminatory criteria. The data subject has the right to be informed about the use of artificial intelligence technologies. This law promotes the development, study and dissemination of artificial intelligence systems that improve the living conditions of persons with disabilities, facilitate accessibility, autonomy, safety and social inclusion processes of the same persons, also for the purpose of drawing up the life project referred to in Article 2, paragraph 2, letter c) of Law No. 227 of 22 December 2021. Artificial intelligence systems in the health sector support the processes of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and therapy, without prejudice to the decision, which is always taken by the medical practitioner. Artificial intelligence systems used in healthcare and the related data used must be reliable, regularly verified and updated in order to minimise the risk of errors.

Article 8 (Research and scientific experimentation in the realisation of artificial intelligence systems in healthcare)

Article 10 (Provisions on electronic health records, surveillance systems in the health sector and digital health governance)

Specific provision(s) regarding AI and data protection

Article 4: The use of artificial intelligence systems in information shall be without prejudice to the freedom and pluralism of the media, freedom of expression and the objectivity, completeness, impartiality and fairness of information. The use of artificial intelligence systems guarantees the lawful, correct and transparent processing of personal data and compatibility with the purposes for which they were collected, in accordance with European Union law on personal data and the protection of privacy. Information and communications relating to the processing of data connected with the use of artificial intelligence systems are carried out in clear and simple language, so as to ensure that the user is fully aware of and has the right to object to incorrect processing of his or her personal data. Access to artificial intelligence technologies by children under the age of fourteen requires the consent of the person exercising parental responsibility. Children under the age of eighteen,who have reached the age of fourteen,may give their consent to the processing of personal data related to the use of artificial intelligence systems,provided that the information and communications are easily accessible and understandable.

Art. 9 (on personal data processing): the Ministry of Health must issue a decree governing personal data processing by AI for research and experimentation

Personal scope of the instrument

Unspecified addressees

Material scope of the instrument

The law aims at applying general principles to specific fields of AI applications

AI system(s) involved

All types of AI systems

Initiative

Italian Government

Fundamental rights involved

Freedom of information
Right to data protection
Right to good administration
Right to health
Right to privacy
Right to non-discrimination
Right to equality
Right to participation

Principles expressly applied

Non-discrimination
Rule of law
Transparency

Case author

Tommaso De Mari

Research Fellow

University of Trento